Submissions

Author Guidelines

Authors must adhere to the journal's policies (those under "About" and "For Authors").

1. Submission Overview

All manuscripts destined for journals under Bytran Publishing Services (BPS) may be submitted through the online submission platform linked on each journal’s website. While online submission is preferred for efficient tracking and peer-review management, BPS also accepts submissions made through the official editorial office email or other approved communication channels..

A maximum of two authors may be designated as corresponding authors. They are responsible for all communication with the editorial office during peer review, revision, and production.

Before uploading a manuscript, authors should carefully review the journal’s Aims and Scope to confirm that the topic, methods, and article type are appropriate for the journal.

BPS welcomes contributions from all countries and from all academic and clinical disciplines represented by its journals. Each submission must present original research or a substantive, well-founded review of existing literature.

2. Manuscript Types

Each journal may offer several article categories. In general, the following types are accepted:

• Article: full length reports of new studies including complete methods and data
• Review: in depth analyses and syntheses of published work on a defined subject
• Short communication: concise reports describing new findings, pilot data, or early observations
• Perspective or conceptual paper: scholarly discussions of emerging ideas, theories, models, or directions in the field
• Editorial: invited commentary, policy reflection, or opinion pieces prepared by editors or experts

Journals may specify additional categories in their individual instructions.

3. Manuscript Preparation

Authors are expected to prepare manuscripts in clear, precise academic English. For original research articles, the main text should usually follow the IMRAD structure:

• Introduction: explain the background, motivation, knowledge gap, and purpose of the study
• Methods: describe study design, materials, participants, procedures, and analytical techniques in sufficient detail to allow replication
• Results: present key findings in a logical order, supported by tables and figures where appropriate
• Discussion: interpret the results, relate them to existing evidence, highlight strengths and limitations, and outline implications or future work

For review articles, authors should use logical thematic sections with descriptive subheadings instead of a strict IMRAD layout. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should additionally describe the search strategy, eligibility criteria, study selection, and synthesis methods.

Formatting guidance:

To support efficient peer review and production, authors are encouraged to follow a consistent, journal-style format. A manuscript template may be downloaded from the journal website and used as a starting point. Careful adherence to the template helps maintain professional presentation and reduces technical revisions.

4. Manuscript Length and Overall Structure

The main text (excluding references, tables, and figure legends) should typically range from 4,000 to 8,000 words. The manuscript should usually include:

• Title page
• Abstract
• Keywords
• Main text
• Back matter sections must follow the exact order specified in the official BPS manuscript template. Typically, this includes: Author Contributions, Funding Statement, Ethical Approval, Informed Consent Statement, Data availability statement, Acknowledgments (optional), Conflict of Interest Statement, followed by any required supplementary information.Reference list
• Appendices if needed

All pages should be numbered in sequence, and continuous line numbering must be activated throughout the document to assist reviewers and editors in referring to specific sections.

5. Abstract and Keywords

For original research articles, the abstract should not exceed 250 words and should briefly summarise:

• Background or context
• Study objectives
• Key methods
• Principal results
• Main conclusions

For review articles, short communications, perspectives, and other article types, a structured or unstructured abstract may be used. Regardless of format, the abstract should remain concise (up to 250 words) and accurately reflect the content and scope of the manuscript.

Authors should provide three to eight keywords, listed in alphabetical order and separated by semicolons. Keywords should represent the main concepts, methods, or populations studied and support indexing and discoverability.

6. Figures and Tables

All figures and tables must be cited in the text in the order in which they appear. Use “Figure 1, Figure 2”, “Figure 1 (A) or Figure 1 (a)”, “Table 1, Table 2”, “Table 2 (A), or Table 2 (a)”, and so on. Every figure and table requires:

• Short, Informative Title    
  A brief label that identifies what the figure or table is about.   
  Example: Figure 2. Trends in annual CO₂ emissions
• Descriptive Caption     
  A fuller explanation that helps readers interpret the figure or table without referring back to the main text. Captions may include clarification of variables, abbreviations, methods, or key observations.      
  Example: “CO₂ emissions increased steadily from 2010 to 2024, with the sharpest rise observed in industrial sectors. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.”

A figure/table title provides a concise label of the content, whereas the caption offers explanatory detail required to fully understand the visual or numerical information presented. They are complementary but not interchangeable.

Figure captions must be placed below the figure, while table captions are placed above the table.

Example of figure caption:

Figure 1. Relationship between duration of the intervention and patient quality of life scores.

Example of table caption:

Table 1. Summary of participant demographic characteristics.

Within the text, refer explicitly to the figures and tables, for example:

• “As shown in Figure 2, the treatment group reported higher mean scores.”
• “Baseline characteristics are summarised in Table 1.”

All images must be of high quality with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi and submitted in standard formats such as JPEG, TIFF, or PNG. Authors must ensure that all labels, symbols, and legends are legible and that fonts and styles are consistent across all figures.

7. Text Formatting

Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word (.docx) using Times New Roman, 11-point font and 1.2 line spacing throughout the entire document. Page numbers and continuous line numbers must appear on every page.

Headings and subheadings should be numbered to reflect the structure of the article and to guide readers through the text. A typical layout for research articles is:

• Introduction
• Materials and methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion

Subsections follow a double numbering system, such as:

• 1.1. Background
• 1.2. Objectives
• 2.1. Participants
• 2.2. Data collection
• 2.3. Data analysis

The first three levels of headings should be in bold. A fourth level (if unavoidable) may be presented in italics with no numbering. Each section begins on a new line but does not need to start on a new page.

To maintain a uniform and reader-friendly layout, authors should observe the following conventions:

• Keep 1.2 line spacing throughout, including references
• Use italics for scientific names, Latin expressions, variables, and statistical symbols
• Avoid underlining except when strictly necessary
• Define all abbreviations and acronyms at first use
• Write numbers below ten in words unless attached to a measurement or percentage (for example, “five samples” but “5 mg” or “5%”)
• Express all measurements using the International System of Units (SI)

8. Reference List Format

References must be cited in the order they first appear in the text and identified by Arabic numerals in square brackets such as [1], [2], or [3–5]. Every in-text citation must correspond to a full entry in the reference list at the end of the manuscript, and every reference in the list must be cited in the text.

Examples of citation in the text:

• Single citation:     
  “Previous studies have reported improved survival among patients receiving early intervention [1].”
• Multiple separate citations:
  “Similar findings have been observed under varying conditions in several studies [2,3,7].”
• Consecutive references presented as a range:
  “This trend has been documented in multiple clinical investigations [4–6].”
• Repeated use of a previously cited reference:      
  “These results are consistent with the observations described by Tan et al. [1].”

Authors must verify that author names, journal titles, publication years, volume and issue numbers, and page ranges are correct and complete. Whenever available, include the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

Examples of reference style:

• Journal article         
  Lee YK, Ahmad R. Circular economy adoption and industrial waste reduction in Southeast Asia. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024; 452: 141289. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141289
• Book
  Kumar S, Tanaka H. Principles of Sustainable Infrastructure Development, 2nd edition. Routledge; 2023.
• Book chapter      
  Nordin M, Perez G. Community engagement for climate resilience in urban planning. In: Choi L (editor). Sustainability and Smart Cities in the Asia Pacific Region. Springer Nature; 2024. pp. 105–128.
• Thesis/Dissertation

Andolfi L. Empowering individuals to engage in the energy transition (PhD thesis). Université du Luxembourg; 2025.

• Conference paper or proceeding
  Aroba OJ, Xulu T, Msani NN, et al. The adoption of an intelligent waste collection system in a smart city. In: 2023 Conference on Information Communications Technology and Society (ICTAS); 8–9 March 2023; Durban, South Africa. IEEE; 2023. pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICTAS56421.2023.10082750

• Online source      
  United Nations Environment Programme. Global progress report on sustainable consumption and production. Available online: https://www.unep.org/resources/report (accessed 1 July 2025).

9. Language and Style

Authors must use clear, grammatically accurate, and professional English. Either American or British spelling is acceptable, but the selected convention must be followed consistently throughout the manuscript.

If needed, authors may obtain assistance from professional language editing services or from colleagues proficient in academic English before submission. Language quality is an important consideration during peer review and editorial assessment.

10. Contact Information

Bytran Publishing Services Sdn. Bhd.

No. 55-S-12(A)-F&G, Menara Northam, No. 55, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 10050 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Email: editorial_office@bytran-pub.com

Website: https://journal.bytran-pub.com

Authors with questions about submission, ethics, or journal policies are encouraged to contact the editorial office using the above details.